All that is really needed to throw the javelin in terms of equipment is an appropriately weighted javelin.
Depending on the level of competition an athlete is engaging in, their respective bodily needs as determined by the strain they subject their body to during delivery,and the environment in which they will be throwing, other equipment might be necessary.
In terms of environment, track/runway surfaces vary. Ideally, javelin throwers wear javelin boots, which have spikes located on the front of the foot (essentially the same position as a runner's spikes) along with spikes on the heel. The spikes needed depending on the runway. Some surfaces require short, ceramic spikes (mondo) and others, especially grass runways, require longer spikes to prevent slippage. It is also recommended that javelin throwers bring towels to dry off javelin handles in inclement weather and a brush of some sort to clean grass or dirt out from between the spikes of the javelin boots.
If a javelin athlete has pre-existing injuries or experiences soreness when throwing the javelin, certain braces are recommended to prevent injury. The most common is a structured back brace, built to aid the arch of the thrower's back during delivery while preventing over extension or stain. Knees and elbows are other common sites for braces or taping.
Finally, high level athletes typically use grip chalk (like weight lifters or shot putters) to enhance their grip on the implement, but this is certainly not an essential piece of equipment.
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Simply the 'shot'. You will however need a lot of supports such as ankle, knee, back and arm. Due to the nature of the sport.