Yes, just swap your bearings from skate wheels to longboard wheels, its all the same.
For the most part they should, unless the trucks say it needs 10 mm bearings then it will fit. Most trucks use 8 mm bearings.
It's not actually the size of the skateboard that matter's, its the ball bearings the wheels have inside them. Cheap bearings that come with cheap walmart/warehouse boards almost always go slowly, were as proper bearings from your local skate shop will go a lot faster.
The speed of a longboard on flatland has more than just how fast you push in consideration. The quality of the wheels is important, as well as how maintained the bearings are, the road condition, and how much wind or force keeping you back there is. A smooth road with harder wheels is faster than a rocky road with hard wheels. Also, soft wheels are slower than hard wheels on most surfaces. Then you have to judge how hard you can push.
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A longboard or hamboard.
Plan B
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Longboard wheels have a small hub, or core, inside it. Skateboard wheels also have this. This allows you to put bearings inside of both of them and can interchange what trucks you put on it. Generally, longboard wheels fit on normal skateboard trucks but a problem you will encounter is wheelbite. You may need to sand the board for wheel wells or put big risers on your board. Another solution is buying harder bushings for less turn and lean.
depending on the sises of the wheels will shrink
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