What are large sailing ships called?

Answer 1

yacht...... east indiaman,galleon,frigate,man o war,ship of the line were the largest type of sailing vessels

Second answer

Mostly the word "ship" was reserved to the larger kinds with three or more masts and a full bowsprit, while the smaller types were named for their sail-plan, e.g. barque, brig, brigantine.... So in general the answer is that large sailing ships were called "ships" and that it was the small ones that had different names.

There were some types of large ships as mentioned above (except for "frigate" and "yacht", frigates were small ships, and yachts are boats: they have a single mast), but no other general term for large ships as distinguished from small ones.