That would be our clipper ships, sailor!
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Christopher Columbus used the type of sailing vessel called a caravel. Caravels were a common sailing ship built in the 15th and 16th centuries. They were small ships with a broad bow, a high narrow poop deck, and usually had three masts.
First were sailing ships, THEN steam ships.
The Portuguese designed a class of small, maneuverable sailing ship called a caravel.
The ships he used were mostly large sailing ships from France, and Caravels. Three of them were called the Esperanza, San Christoval, and Miguel.
All sailing ships used to have a figurehead. They were an ornamental design which depicted the name of the ship - to sailors who often couldn't read. Pirate ships were rarely purpose-built - they were usually captured merchant vessels.