Any ball may be blocked, excluding the serve!(:
nope
Incorrect; anyone on the team can touch the ball after it is blocked, even whoever blocked it.
the hitter who's ball got blocked
Yes
It's off the defender who blocked the shot.
The ball is considered dead when it touches the court out of bounds or touches a player that is out of bounds. In this case, the ball would go to the team that blocked the shot. Had the ball touched the court out of bounds before touching the player, the ball would go to the shooting team.
The team blocking the pat is allowed to advance the ball and take possession, there is no kick off and the team that blocked the pat, took possession and advanced the ball start a fresh set of downs. If the ball is blocked and travels into the end-zone and the team which blocked the pat is tackled, the kicking team receives one (1) point.
The player that retrieved the ball. The blocker is credited with a block.
No
Yes, unless the ball was blocked.
No it is not, it would be credited as a rebound.
If the player hits the ball, and the ball is blocked, that player may hit the ball again. Similarly, if the player blocks a ball, but it lands on the player's side of the court, that same player may touch the ball again.