---- Englishman Richard Cavill developed the modern features of the freestyle, including the overarm strokes and the flutter kick, back in 1902. Since Cavill lived in Australia at the time, the stroke was then dubbed "the Australian crawl." Prior to that time, the side-stroke was commonly used in swimming competitions. The freestyle stroke was later polished and perfected by Olympian Johnny Weismuller in the 1920s. ----
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Freestyle swimming came about because some people can swim really quickly but not necessarily in one style. Freestyle swimming allows people to swim in varied styles as long as they beat a certain time trial.
Backstroke is an ancient style of swimming owes most of what it has to Harry Hebner.