A penalty kick is awarded when a defender, while within his own penalty area, commits a penal foul (normally punishable by a Direct Free Kick) against an attacker or against the Spirit of the Game.
There are 10 penal fouls that are punishable by a direct free kick:
A goal kick is awarded when the ball completely exits the field across the goal line and was last touched by an attacker.If it does so between the goal posts, under the crossbar, and was not directly from an indirect free kick or a throw-in, then a goal is awarded and the restart is a kick off for the defense.
A goal kick is awarded if the ball crosses the goal line but a valid goal is not scored, and the ball was last touched by the attacking team.
Only if the kick awarded was a direct free kick.
If the penalty was successful, then no goal is awarded and the kick is retaken. If the penalty was not successful, then no goal is awarded and an indirect free kick is awarded to the defense. They will not get a 2nd shot at the goal because their own player infringed.
A goal is awarded to the opposing team and the restart is a kick off.
The offensive team gets a free kick
Depending on the area they kick the ball out the following can happen: - If they kick the ball out behind their own goal line, the opposition will be awarded a corner. -If they kick the ball out on the sides of the field (the longer sides of the field), a throw in will be awarded to the opposition side. -If they kick the ball over the line of the oppositions goal line then a goal kick will be awarded to the opposition side. Note that these rules will be applied to any of the 22 players on the field.
When the ball goes over the end line, and the attacking team was the last one to touch it, the defending team is awarded a goal kick.
If the ball crosses the goal line and was last touched by a defensive player then there are two possible restarts. 1. If it crossed between the goal posts and under the cross bar, then a goal is awarded and the restart is a kick-off for the defense. 2. If it crossed outside the goal posts or over the cross bar, then the restart is a corner kick for the attackers.
A direct free kick is awarded when someone commits a penal foul: handling the ball, tripping or attempting to trip, striking or attempting to strike, kicking or attempting to kick, jumping at, charging, or pushing an opponent. The ball is placed at the spot of the foul, and a player on the offended team takes the kick. The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves. If a direct free kick is awarded within the kicking team's own goal area, the ball may be placed anywhere in the goal area for the kick (similar to positioning for a goal kick). If a direct free kick is awarded within the kicking team's own penalty area (including the goal area), the ball is not in play until it is kicked directly out of the area. If the direct free kick is awarded in the offending team's penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded instead.
clearance
If it does so between the goal posts and under the cross bar, then it's a goal and a kick off for the defense. If it does so elsewhere then it is a goal kick for the defense.