the block is the neutral zone, which is literally the 8"x12" block on the floor. it's the only marking on the entire floor that isn't 2" wide, so it's not hard to find. the point of this block is to separate the bottom 2 players from the other players during a free throw, so as to give them a slight advantage in getting the rebound, since the 2 players closest to the basket are always the opposing team (why the opposing team usually gets the rebound during a free throw). now, what you're talking about is when they say "he's on the block" or something like that; they are essentially talking about anywhere around that block, essentially anywhere close to the basket, but not directly in front of it.
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When the offender (person on offense) is driving (dribbling toward the basket) the defender may be called by the referee as a block. That is when you are moving with the offender, and you block them by sticking your foot out. A block is considered a foul, so be careful. I would suggest to avoid getting called for a block by picking a spot on the court and getting there before the offender. If you do that, keep your feet on the ground (if you move its a foul) and stand still. The offender will most likely dribble into you, and the offender will be called for a charge (ramming into you) and the offender will get the foul.
However, a block could also be a blocked shot or pass. that is when the defender hits the ball in the air. This is sometimes called getting stuffed. If the defender makes physical contact when doing this, then it is a foul on them. If they don't make physical contact, then it is not.
Blocking in Basketball is when a defender blocks a shot, meaning that when a shot is put up a person playing defense can hit the ball away from the hoop.
blocking entails preventing a shot by an offensive player from making a score (basket)