Yes
No
Yes, you can be called offside on direct free kicks and indirect free kicks. You cannot be offside on a throw-in, goal kick, corner kick, or kickoff, though.
Yes, there is an offside penalty in American Football. The neutral zone is defined as the area extending from the tip of the football to each side of the field, so the neutral zone is as wide as the length of the football. No player, except the center, may have any part of his body in the neutral zone at the time the ball is snapped, otherwise they are guilty of being offside. On a kickoff, no player may have any part of his body across the line upon which the ball rests prior to the kick, except for the holder if one is used. The penalty for offside is 5 yards.
An offside offense is punished with an indirect free kick for the opposing team. Note that the free kick is awarded for the actual offense of offside, not just for being in an offside position--being in an offside position while not participating in play or gaining an advantage is not an offense and doesn't result in any free kick.
Declining a penalty is when the team not receiving the penalty turns down the penalty on the other team. Penalties usually result in a loss or gain of yards and a replay of the down.ExampleIf the offense runs a play on third down and ends up four yards short of a first down but commits an offensive penalty the defense would most likely want to decline that penalty so that the third down play stands. If they were to accept the penalty the offense would get another shot and making the third down yardage even though it would be 9 yards to go (5 yard penalty) or 14 yards to go (10 yard penalty). Even though the penalty would back up the offense why give them another shot at completing third down yardage. Declining the penalty makes it fourth down with four yards to go and they most likely punt.
The offending player is given an excessive time out penalty. The penalty carries 5 yards for either offense or defense.
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If the defender is on the opponent's half of the field and is closer to the opponent's goal line than both the 2nd last opponent and the ball, then they are in an offside position and can be called for offside.
You cannot decline the penalty, since it is happening prior to the snap, you can, however, decline the YARDAGE of the penalty.
it would take place at the line of scrimmage and the team that is not guilts of offsides will get the option to accept or decline the penalty, if declined, the play stands as called, if accepted, the play would be redone 5 yards deeper
YES, THEY JUST REPLAY THE DOWN