A ball that is between the two foul poles. There are rules that contradict that though.
For example -if a player makes contact with the ball before it goes foul it's still considered fair.
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There are white lines that go from the edges of the front of home plate that extend over first/third base and go all the way out to the fence or edge of the field. Anything inside of those lines is fair territory.
At some point a ball must hit the ground in fair territory in order to be considered "fair." If a fly ball starts its flight well within fair range, but curves into the foul area such that it lands in foul territory, it is foul.
If a ball goes out of the infield, lands in fair territory, but then richochets or rolls foul, then it remains a fair ball.
If a ball rolls in fair ground but goes foul before it leaves the infield, then it is a foul ball.
Part of it is in fair territory. If you extend the foul line all the way to the back point of the plate, that portion of the batter's box in front of that line is in fair territory.