The distance between the pitcher's mound to the Baseball diamond is roughly 60.5 ft. The distance from homeplate to first base is around 90ft. So basically, the homeplate portion of the baseball diamond is 90 degrees. So if you break that in half that's roughly 45 degrees. Then using law of cosine and using the variable C in place of the distance between the pitcher's mound to first base, you get c^2=(60.5)^2+90^2-2(60.5)(90)(Cos 45) which turns out to be c^2=4059.86. Square that and C= roughly 63.717 and that is the distance between the pitcher's mound to first base.
The distance between the pitcher's mound and home plate is exactly, not roughly, 60.5 feet. Another respondent asked why it is not a simple 45-45-90 triangle, and the answer to that is because the pitcher's mound is NOT located in the exact center of the diamond. The pitcher's mound is closer to home plate than it is to second base.
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