In short, no.
A goal kick is not complete (the ball in not yet in play) until the whole of the ball crosses the whole of the penalty area line and into the field of play. If the goalkeeper touches the ball before it completely leaves the penalty area, the goal kick must be retaken. If the goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands after the ball has left the penalty area and become "in-play", then he is guilty of a handling infraction because the ball is not within the keeper's own penalty area anymore. Either the ball is still in the penalty area or it isn't; it can't be both.
This is all without even considering the fact that a goalkeeper cannot handle a ball that has been intentionally kicked to him by a teammate, the so-called "pass-back" rule.
No. Only in the penalty area may the goal keeper handle the ball.
With two exceptions, a goal keeper may deliberately handle the ball within their own penalty area.
The goal keeper is always considered a defender, if he is in or out of the penalty area.
most of the time when a goal keeper takes the penalty shot but sometimes when the goal keeper of the other team is so much above his field or area the goal keeper may kick the ball from goal to the other goal.
No. It doesn't matter where the goalkeeper is.The ballmust be in the penalty area (on the line is inside) for the keeper to touch it.
The kicker and the defending goal keeper.
As long as the ball is inside their penalty area a goal keeper may handle the ball. The position of the ball is important. The position of the goal keeper is not.
It is an arc that is drawn outside of the penalty area with a radius of ten yards and the center being the penalty mark. (Note: the mark is only 6 yards from the edge of the penalty area area) Whenever a penalty kick is taken all players, except the kicker and the goal keeper, must be outside of the penalty area, at least ten yards from the mark, and not closer to the goal line than the mark. Other than the taking of penalty kicks, it has no other function.
A goal keeper may play as any other player. He only has special privileges within his own penalty area.
I'm going to assume that you are asking about a ball that is deliberately kicked back to the goalkeeper by a teammate, then picked up. If the keeper touches the ball with his hands outside of the penalty area (the "18"), the offense is handling and the other team is awarded a direct kick from the spot where the keeper first touched the ball with his hands. If the keeper touches the ball with his hands inside the penalty area but outside the goal area (the "6"), the offense is goalkeeper handling and the other team is awarded an indirect kick from the spot where the keeper first touched the ball with his hands. If the keeper touches the ball with his hands inside the goal area, the other team is awarded an indirect free kick from the spot on the goal area line nearest where the ball was first touched by the keeper.
Yes. The goalkeeper may leave the penalty area at any time during play, but cannot touch the ball with his hands while outside of the area.
No because it will be classed as handball and the other team will get a free kick.