I think it is Satchel Paige.
A shutout occurs when one pitcher pitches a complete game without allowing any runs. If another pitcher comes in, neither is awarded a shutout, but the team can be said to have "shutout" the opposing team.
No, the pitcher will not get charged with the run, but since the other team scored a least 1 run it is no longer a shutout regardless how it scored.
Shutout
Santana...shut out the Red Sox...
No, only if he completes the game does he get credit for a complete game. He also gets credit for a shutout only if he completes the game without allowing a run, if other pitchers complete the game without allowing any runs, it is a shared shutout which is not an official statistic.
Yesterday
No--allowing one baserunner for any reason (including walks) immediately ends the perfect game. You may be thinking of a shutout (a game without any runs scored). Again, the answer would be no; in the situation you describe the run would be unearned, but would still prevent the pitcher from getting credit for a shutout.
No. A pitcher cannot leave the game with his team losing and end the game winning. There is a hypothetical where a pitcher is losing a game, the game gets suspended due to rain, the player then gets traded to the other team, and he pitches the resumed game and ends up winning. However, rules of baseball might prevent him playing in a game he'd started for the other team.
Five innings is the minimum for a complete game, so the answer is yes.
Throw a shutout in season mode.
Brad Ziegler Oakland Athletics 2008 32 innings still going