There is a limit on the amount of fuel a driver can carry. A standard NASCAR fuel cell is 22 gallons, but they can mandate a smaller cell for any race. They also set the size and length of the lines that run between the fuel cell and the engine, and also the path the lines take through the car. They do this because Richard Petty once presented a car that had the fuel lines routed through the frame rails to make the car neater...but when they checked further they found the frame of his car was full of gasoline. When they told him he couldn't do that, he presented a car for inspection the next week that used fifty feet of fire hose as a fuel line.
There is no limit as to the amount of fuel a driver can use. In IndyCar they've always had a tank of fuel sitting in the pits and when it was empty you couldn't race anymore. NASCAR doesn't think that's safe, so each track they use has a gas station in the infield where teams pick up fuel after each pit stop.
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