Possibly due to ideological differences, but as a protest against the Soviet military involvement in Afghanistan, much like the USA is doing now. Japan and West Germany also boycotted the games. The USSR reciprocated four years later and the entire Soviet Bloc (except Romania) boycotted the Los Angeles games in 1984.
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I believe it was because the USSR invaded Afghanistan and Western countries boycotted the games.
the Soviets claimed that there was security reasons for participating, but the obvious answer is that it was in response to the US led boycott in 1980
President Ronald Reagan decide to protest the Soviet's decision to invade Afghanistan. Since the Olympics were being held in Moscow, Soviet Union, it was the perfect time to do it.
The 1980 Olympic games in Moscow were boycotted by the US and several other countries because of the Soviet Union's invasion of Afganistan. The 1984 Olympic games in Los Angeles were boycotted by the Soviet Union and several other countries basically as payback for the previous boycott.
Moscow, these Olympics games were also boycotted by many countries.
1) United States - 83 at the 1984 Games in Los Angeles. These games were boycotted the Soviet Union and 13 of their allies. 2) Soviet Union - 80 at the 1980 Games in Moscow. These games were boycotted by the United States and 59 of their allies. 3) United States - 79 at the 1904 Games in St. Louis. There was no boycott at the Games but, travel being what is was in 1904, only 12 nations participated at these Games and the US had four times as many athletes as all the other participating countries combined.
In the modern Olympics world, two separate political problems resulted in major nation boycotts. For the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, US President Jimmy Carter ordered a US boycott because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The next Summer Olympics were in Los Angeles and The Soviet Union led a group of their followers in a boycott in 1984. This was their response to the US 1980 boycott.
Between 1952-1980, woman's shot put at the Olympics was dominated by Eastern Bloc countries. Gold medalists came from USSR (5), East Germany (2), and Bulgaria (1). Those three countries were among the 14 that boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics. The best in the world of women's shot put did not participate in these Games and, consequently, competition suffered.