The primary purpose is to be a better citizen. To learn self defense, to gain confidence, focus, and self discipline.
As said by Gichin Funakoshi, "The acquisition of the art of being a good and honest member of society."
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Karate is important for the advantage it gives you while defending yourself. Karate is a very good sport to learn for defending yourself mainly because it involves focusing on hands and not so much on feet. Taekwondo focus mainly on the feet, so this is more a sport to learn for sport reasons. Just to learn how to do round kicks, front kicks, sidekicks and learn the propper tecnique. While Karate is a more practical way to defend yourself. This is because when you punch you can execute the tecniques fast and with little effort. But in taekwondo while focusing on the feet you need to use big quadricep muccles that quickly make you tired and unable to do much else. Also the kicks are not fast at all compared to the hands, you could kick somebody once while that person just punched you 5 times. Luckily my taekwondo school teaches hands to the head, but not many schools do. So Karate is important for teaching you how to use your hands and giving you that advantage of teaching you a few effective kicks.
The most important thing in karate is to learn to control yourself, and to defend yourself. This can be achieved by practicing techniques, but it is required to respect your fellow students and adapt to their skill. The philosophy and goal is to make one a better person and a better citizen.