Due north
north
Northerly, until it is overhead.
Changing the heading of the boat towards the direction the wind is coming from is called:Heading Up Turning the boat away from the wind direction is called:Bearing Away or Falling Off If the front turns through the direction the wind is coming from, it is called:Tacking or Coming About If the back of the boat turns through the direction the wind is coming from, it is called:Jibing
The Big Dipper is made up of several stars, and these, of course, can and do move.
'Course made good' is a navigational term, especially in use in the time of sailing ships. It means the course actually achieved on the chart (map), after making allowances for wind direction and currents.
Link-to-link.
A very wide question. In dinghy (small boat) sailing, the RYA method teaches 'five essentials' Sail setting Centreboard Balance (side to side) Trim (fore and aft balance) Course sailed (which is about tacking, allowing for tides etc. Basically, it is about the direction the boat is moving rather than the direction it is pointing) Note that the rudder is not one of the five essentials, it is possible to steer round a course without it.
Wind of course
Sailing close to the wind means sailing as closely as possible into the direction of the wind. This can impact a sailor's navigation strategy by requiring them to carefully adjust their course and sail trim to maintain speed and avoid getting stuck in irons, where the boat loses momentum and becomes difficult to steer.
It depends what course you choose.
Mercator Sailing refers to technique used to deal with the problem of course and distance in the maritime world.
On the Course Sidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_course_side