karate
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No; most martial arts historians are in agreement, that it is wrestling which holds that honor. No, actually, the first real martial art is believed to be an inian martial art known as Kalarippayattu.
one martial art form was called tung soo do(not sure of spelling) a form of Korean karate
It depends upon the martial art. It can also differ based on the rank of the instructor. Japanese martial arts refer to the instructor as sensei. Sensei is Japanese for teacher, literally translating before born or one who is born before. Chinese arts use the term 'sifu.' Korean arts use the term 'saboom.'
It is called "obi". In English, it may also be referred to as "obi sash" or "kimono sash".
I am not aware of any martial art that is restricted to females only.