yes
A trip.
If a player on defense catches a disc or hits it to the ground, then possession changes. The player may continue play going the opposite direction. If the disc hits the ground, any player may pick it up on his or her team to continue play. This is similar to an interception in American football.
No. In Professional Football, in order to be "down" a receiver has to be tackled or in your scenario touched by a defensive player while on the ground.
Depending on which side recovers the loose ball. If the defense player does it is a safety and worth 2 points to that team and they get the ball back on a kick off. If the offensive player gets it, and makes it out of the end zone he takes it as far as he can and the game continues from there. If the offensive player gets it and is tackled inside the end zone, it is again a safety for the other team. Do you mean if the ball is fumbled out of the back of the end zone? In that case, it's a safety awarded to the defense. If the ball is fumbled into the end zone but the offense recovers and is tackled, that's also a safety. If the ball is fumbled into the end zone but the defense recovers, it's a touchdown for the defense.
Receiving yards are the amount of yards past the line of scrimmage or behind the line of scrimmage a player gets after catching a pass before they are tackled or knocked out of bounds. Example1: Team A has possession of the ball at Team A's 20 yard line. A player from Team A catches a pass from the quarterback and is tackled/knocked out of bounds at Team A's 36 yard line. The player that caught the pass is credited with 16 receiving yards and the quarterback is credited with 16 passing yards. Example 2: Team A has possession of the ball at Team A's 20 yard line. A player catches a pass and is tackled/knocked out of bounds at Team A's 17 yard line. The player that caught the pass is credited with -3 receiving yards and the quarterback is credited with -3 passing yards.
The ball is placed where the ball actually is (assuming the player still has "possession") when the player is down by contact or when the knee hits the ground.
No. You can have one foot on the ground or no feet on the ground as long as the player has secured the ball. ie. A player can signal for a timeout in mid-air as long as he/she has secured the ball and signaled for the timeout before stepping out of bounds.
Receiving yards are the amount of yards past the line of scrimmage or behind the line of scrimmage a player gets after catching a pass before they are tackled or knocked out of bounds. Example1: Team A has possession of the ball at Team A's 20 yard line. A player from Team A catches a pass from the quarterback and is tackled/knocked out of bounds at Team A's 36 yard line. The player that caught the pass is credited with 16 receiving yards and the quarterback is credited with 16 passing yards. Example 2: Team A has possession of the ball at Team A's 20 yard line. A player catches a pass and is tackled/knocked out of bounds at Team A's 17 yard line. The player that caught the pass is credited with -3 receiving yards and the quarterback is credited with -3 passing yards.
Penalties in Rugby Union include (but are not limited to my recalled list): offsides playing the ball on the ground high/dangerous tackling leaving your feet in a ruck not throwing the ball in straight in a line-out feigning a throw in a line-out using hands to play the ball in a ruck/scrum (unless the player is the scrum half) forward pass playing the ball forward with any part of the body other than the player's leg/foot (referred to as a 'knock on') not releasing the ball upon being tackled entering a ruck/maul from the side collapsing a maul wheeling a scrum making a play on a player without possession of the ball shielding the ball after being tackled (no attempt by grounded player to leave ruck) There are entirely different laws in the sport of Rugby League
no they do not their team just receives possession
A player is considered down in football when any part of their body, other than their hands or feet, touches the ground while in possession of the ball.
In order to complete a catch, a receiver must maintain possession throughout the entire process. In the field of play, the ball can be bobbled so long as the player ends the catch in bounds with control of the ball. However, if a player does not have full possession of the ball as he goes out of bounds, or the catch is in any way aided by the ground, it is considered incomplete.