No one till now has won a World Championship in their Debut
Jochen Rindt driving for the Lotus Ford team won the formula one drivers championship in 1970. He had a total of 45 points and won 5 races during the season. He won the drivers championship even though he did not start or compete in the last 4 races of the season. Unfortunately this is the only F1 season where the title was awarded posthumously. Lotus Ford won the constructors championship as well.
1950 was the first FIA F1 Championship season. Also first season to have WDC. The WDC was Giuseppe Farina with 30 points which included 3 wins.
Nelson Piquet driving for Brabham BMW won the 1983 formula one drivers championship. He had a total of 59 points from 3 wins that season. Alain Prost came 2nd with 57 points and 3 wins that season. Ferrari won the constructors championship and Renault came 2nd.
Keke Rosberg driving for Williams Ford won the 1982 formula one drivers championship. He had a total of 44 points from 1 win that season. Didier Pironi finished in 2nd place with 39 points from 2 wins that season. Ferrari won the constructors championship from McLaren Ford.
Graham Hill driving for Brabham Racing Organization (BRM) won the 1962 formula one drivers championship. He had a total of 42 points from 4 wins that season. Jim Clark finished in 2nd place with 30 points and 3 wins that season. BRM won the constructors championship as well.
Jim Clark driving for Lotus Climax won the 1963 formula one drivers championship. He had a total of 54 points with 7 wins that season. His nearest rival Graham Hill was a distant second with 29 points and had won 2 races that season. Lotus Climax won the constructors championship as well.
The first season for the FIA formula one world Driving Championship was 1950
You should be able to get that info from the link. See the Related Links for "Formula One Records" to the bottom for the answer.
The first Formula 1 race was in 1947, but the first World Championship season was in 1950.
The first Formula One World Championship was won by Italian Giuseppe Farina in his Alfa Romeo in 1950
Nelson Piquet won the 1981 formula one drivers championship. He had a total of 50 points with 3 wins. He beat his nearest rival Carlos Reutemann by only one point. Carlos had 49 points from 2 wins that season. Williams Ford won the constructors championship
Michael Schumacher and Ferrari won the drivers and constructors championship every year from 2000 to 2004.