Race skis have a more aggressive side cut and they generally have a wider tip for a sharper turning radius. Also the materials used for racing skis tend to be more expensive. The ski is usually a bit lighter and the materials used, built for high speeds and can take a beating. Down hill would be for a recreational use. For some one who just enjoys skiing rather than lives it.
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Both are speed diciplines but downhill is longer and has less turny, technical turns and super G is an event that combines the speeds of downhill with the technical turns of GS. hope that helps:)
The difference is the distance of the gates relative to each other. Downhill gates (the blue and red things) are spaced far apart. Giant slalom gates are relatively close. Downhill is also faster while Giant Slalom requires more turning.
This is gonna be a little confusing...
There are 4 events in what is called alpine or downhill ski racing
Downhill
Super-G
GS
Slalom
So, alpine refers to skiing in general, whereas downhill can be used to refer to all skiing or only one event.
Hope this helps :)