airborne units deploy by parachute. during WW2 ther were four main airborne units in the U.S. 101st airborne division, 82d airborne division, 11th airborne division and 17th airborne division. there were other smaller airborne units. at present time (I think) only one airborne division is still on jump status, the 82d airborne division. during WW2 airborne units operated in Europe and the Pacific.....there were a number of combat jumps initiated by those airborne elements during WW2, Korea and, I believe, Viet nam and Grenada
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Generally, they are small single or twin engine light aircraft. The small dropzones use piston aircraft such as Cessna 182 and 206's. Larger centres use turbine aircraft such as Cessna Caravans, Casa's, Twin Otters, Pilatus Porters, SMG-92 and Dornier Do28's.
These larger aircraft hold between 10 and 28 people and can climb much quicker to a higher altitude of around 13,000 to 15,000ft.
It depends on what they're doing. They often use the C130, C17, and C5 for mas deployments of paratroopers. They use others for special forces insertions.