alot of them acutally, the major ones being you back, arms, and thighs, biceps, triceps, wrist and grip, quadriceps and your ability to WIN
If used properly, rowing machines provide a full body workout! Muscles in the legs, arms, back and stomach are used. Quadriceps and lower back muscles are used heavily. Also, if using proper form, the rowing machine helps strengthen core muscles (abs and back).
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The main source of power in the rowing stroke comes from the quadriceps. The legs are the most powerful part of your body and so they take most of the work. As well as the legs, if you row correctly you will see the abdominals see great use, as they support the body in the upright position. The lats are also used extensively as the rower drives down his legs and suspends himself off the handle of the oar. Finally the biceps are used, but a lot less than commonly thought.