I've been a competitive swimmer my whole life so I'm not quite sure how to explain it. Your arms move in the opposite direction while your legs remain straight and keep your toes pointed while you kick up and down rapidly.
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First things first, freestyle is considered to be any unregulated swim stroke (such as front crawl, dog paddling, or sidestroke).
Most commonly, however, freestyle is used to mean front crawl, so I will answer how to breathe during the front crawl.
When swimming the front crawl, if you would rather breathe to your right, for example:
When your right arm has cleared the water, and as it reaches forward to begin the next 'catch', your right shoulder will be up higher than your left. You should rotate your head to the right so that your mouth clears the water and breathe in. This is commonly called "breathing from your armpit".
Another thing I would like to mention is that you should be comfortable enough in the water to exhale normally during your stroke. Often you won't have enough time to exhale and inhale above the surface. If you try to force it to happen above the surface, you'll spend longer with your head in the breathing position and slow yourself down.
The book, Total Immersion, is a must read for all swimmers IMO.
~suck air in and out~
While taking a stroke simply turn your head to the side and breath. Beginners may need to take a slow stroke to allow them to get enough air. Breathing can be done on what ever side you are comfortable with.
To swim a fast 50 freestyle, kick hard and get fast arm speed! Practice as fast as possible and get a fast turnover so that you can have a fast breakout.