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Jamaican-born African-American Maurice Ashley became a grandmaster in 1999, and was the first (and is still the only) African-American to ever become a grandmaster. A link can be found below.

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I'm not sure but it was NOT Paul Morphy. Morphy was Caucasian, despite persistent rumors to the contrary. Hi lineage is known and confirms that his race was as stated. One ancestor on his mother's side was Creole. Some assume this means "Black" or Native American. While a Creole may be a mix of Caucasian and one or both of these, he or she may also be Caucasian (French born in the US / Louisiana) or a mix of French and Spanish. One and possibly two female ancestors of Morphy's mother were Creole but not mixed. (This can be verified via informal research on the internet.)

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Q: Who was the first African-American chess grandmaster?
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