Technically, is a scratch, but most people will just let you put it back.
No, you only loose if you scratch after making the eight ball.
you loose your turn and your opponent gets to use the q ball to his adventage
This depends on the specific rules of the game you play. Under BCA and APA Rules the other player gets ball-in-hand.
Look up the world standardized rules. According to such the incoming (next player) has the option of a re-rack or a spotting the eight ball. of course there are many regional variants and considering the stakes is important when challenging house rules.
A ball in the hand is worth two in the bush.
it is a scratch throw when you throw the ball it will go straght
The place you need to scratch stays itchy until you scratch it.
Corner kick.....................
In pocket billiards, a scratch is a slang term to refer to a foul where the cue ball either goes into a pocket or leaves the table. After a scratch, the next player gets "ball-in-hand" with the cue ball. This allows them to place the ball anywhere on the table, or, depending upon house rules or if the scratch occurred on the break, placing it behind the head string. In 8 Ball, if the scratch occurs and the 8 ball is pocketed as well, it is a loss of game - under some House Rules, a scratch when shooting the 8 ball is automatic loss of game.
Under most rules if you fail to hit your object ball it is a foul, not a scratch. The foul will mean ball-in-hand to your opponent.
The the first foul that occurs should be the called foul. Under BCA and APA 8 Ball rules, multiple fouls, which can include a scratch, cannot be assessed and only one foul can be called. Except on the break, a scratch is defined as a type of foul. The shot must be a legal shot to foul, and if the break is not a legal break, no foul can occur although a scratch can occur.