The physics of the many variables that occur in billiards has been the subject of a few books since 1827. Even in the thousands of pages that have been published, the description of all the mechanics have not yet been provided in the books. This is too large a topic for a website, much less a single question. However, basic physics covers the majority to understand cue tip to cue ball, ball to ball, and ball to rail mechanics. The body mechanics have not yet been fully covered for pool. However, learning the mechanics of pool will have little impact upon becoming a better pool player.
Snooker is fairly similar to billiards.
It doesn't. There is no "mat" related to the game of English Billiards or Pocket Billiards.
There is no record of the first indoor billiards game. However, it is known that in 1429 billiards was played indoors on a billiard table in France.
The game is about 800 years old, and 600 years old in its present form. The first record of an indoor billiards table is from 1429. However, the location and dates that billiards became an indoor game is unknown. The game was enhanced about 1820 to become the billiards game known today.
The movement of the balls, after collision, obeys the laws of mechanics (a branch of mathematics).
This depends upon which billiards game - English Billiards is most popular in the UK. Pocket Billiards is most popular in the US.
Bar Billiards.
George Washington played a game of billiards known as "French pool" in 1748. French pool was a popular variation of billiards during that time, played on a table with smaller pockets and different rules compared to the standard game of billiards.
There are many companies that specialize in offering classic billiards game tables. Online, one can order the billiards games tables from Classic Games and Billiards and Overstock.
There are generally two terms used for billiards - English billiards or pocket billiards. Pocket billiards is also called pool. Billiards is a popular bar game that has a number of different names that it has been called over the years but the most notable and popular is simply that of pool.
The Ozone Billiards website offers a large variety of game tables and accessories. Including, table tennis, Foosball, air hockey, darts, and billiards. In addition they offer game room decor, furniture, and assorted game tables.
Billiards.