If you are talking about the design of a Golf ball, they are called dimples. They make the ball aerodynamic and allow the ball to fly. If you are talking about markings done by the player, they are put on the golf ball for identification purposes, as players may play the same ball and same number, marking are unique and personal. These dimples cost millions of dollars in design work, some companies hiring astronautical engineers to do the work. Some companies spend more money designing these dimples than some countries spend on their health systems. They are mostly not round, I think the style at the moment is an octagon with a half sphere concave. Also a lot of golfers will mark with a straight lie or dot so they can line up the ball more accurately for tee shots and putting. It makes it easier to see the line of travel for your club.
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A modern association football (soccer ball) is stitched from 12 black pentagons and 20 white hexagons.
white with black spots but there are tons of other, cooler soccer balls that have different colors and designs.
The different colors on a soccer ball helps a player judge the spin on the ball. The spin on the ball can affect the trajectory of the ball.