Common fouls are touching the foot, hacking, touching the back-stick, not being 5 metres and obstruction/interference. Others occur less often, such as the ball entering the circle directly (a new rule), deliberately clearing the ball over the backline, a goalkeeper using something other than the stick outside the circle, intimidation, manufacturing an offence and dissent.
Some almost never happen; exam
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Many things can be a foul in hockey, but depending on the code and some of the rules, they may be quite permissible in one way and banned in another.
In Field Hockey, things like playing the ball with the back of the stick, with the feet hands or body, raising the ball dangerously, using the stick dangerously, arguing with the umpire or being abusive are all fouls and all can carry penalties.
In Ice Hockey, fighting, tripping, hacking, raising the puck above a certain height, and 'icing' are all fouls, and al may carry penalties.
However, goalkeepers of all codes may use the whole of their body, and in ice hockey may even catch the puck.
The most common fouls are the ball touching the foot, ball touching the back of the stick, obstruction and dangerous play.
Any breach of the rules is an unfair advantage to one team. A free hit (or penalty corner, or stroke) is awarded to remove this advantage.