There are not players officially designated to protect the goal keeper, but as in other sports (e.g. Ice Hockey) there is an unwritten rule that teammates (especially fullbacks) protect the goalkeeper. This is due to the fact that the goalkeeper is put in the most vulnerable situations (spending a lot of time on the ground, in close proximity to the ball, and legs intent on kicking the ball). Players do not have special privileges within the rules to protect the goalkeeper, but expect them to do so.
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mainly defender, however (btw,, i don't play it) midfielder can also, because they can be every position except goalie. :)
Sweeper have to protect the keeper he/she is just behind the center back/center backs and in front of the goalkeeper
All of the field players, but mainly the defense, or the center D. They are the last line of defense before it's one on one with the goalie.