A penalty corner is awarded for:
When a penalty corner is awarded only five defending players, usually four defenders and the goalkeeper, are allowed to defend it; the remaining defenders must be beyond the centre-line. They must remain behind the goal/centre line until an attacker injects the ball back into play from a point on the backline at least 10 metres from the goal but within the circle. There is no limit to how many attackers in the team on the field can take part in a penalty corner. The corner is complete when a goal is scored, the ball goes out of play, another penalty corner or a penalty stroke is awarded or the ball travels either 5 metres from the circle or outside it more than once. A goal cannot be scored until the ball has left the circle from the initial injection.
In the modern game, they are very good scoring opportunities, and hence are usually looked for by attackers while heavily disputed by defenders.
Either side
The "23 metre" line (actually 22.90 metres overall) defines the defensive zone in field hockey. It is the line at which a fully-padded goalkeeper may not take part in play, and the limit at which a severe penalty can be awarded a penalty corner.
Depending on the grade, most goals are either field goals or penalty corner conversions. The first are often from within 7 metres, or about the distance of the spot from the goal, and the latter are usually from somewhere directly in front of the goal.
short corner, scoop, slap
The opposing team gets a corner.
When a player is on a break-away with no defense between him and the goalie, and he's tripped, hooked, or anything that causes him to lose control and is considered a penalty, he is awarded a penalty shot.
You can flick it at any Height, provided it goes in of course :)
Never. There are no Umpires nor are there Penalty Strokes in hockey.
There are 16 players in a field hockey team - 11 on the field and 5 substitutes. There is no limit on the number of substitutions allowed during the game, and they can happen at any time except during a penalty corner.
A foul will usually result in a free hit to the other side, if within the 25 yard line it will result in a penalty corner, if in the "D" or the strike zone it will result in a penalty shoot out.
penalty box
The corner flagposts must be between 1.20 metres and 1.50 metres in height.