A Baseball thrown with little velocity to fool a hitter is called a changeup. Also known as a change, changay or change-piece.
So that when a 94 MPH fastball comes up and in on a batter, he is not killed or severely injured by it. It is completely for safety.
A split-finger fastball or splitter is a pitch in baseball and a variant of the straight fastball. It is named after the technique of putting the index and middle finger on different sides of the ball, or "splitting" them. When thrown hard, it appears to be a fastball to the batter, but suddenly "drops off the table" towards home plate
To the batter the slider properly thrown has the batter thinking he is facing a fastball. This among other things fools the batter and he is not expecting the ball to waver in its flight to home plate. I filled in part of the discussion area to explore this pitch in more depth.
A slider is a pitch in baseball that breaks laterally and down. It is not thrown at the velocity that a fastball is thrown at, but its velocity is faster than a curve ball. The break on a slider is not as big as a curve ball. The slider is similar to a cut fastball, but will break more than a cut fastball.
yes
The inside fastball caused the batter to flinch.
A chopball is a pitch that looks like a fastball but sinks as it gets to the batter.
velocity me thinks
About .43 seconds. Although shorter of a time for that batter to decide whether or not to swing.
The fastball (also called hummer and other names) is the most common type of pitch in baseball. Some "power pitchers," like Nolan Ryan, Roger Clemens and Satchel Paige have thrown it at speeds of 95-104 mph (152.9-167.3 km/h) (officially) and up to 107.9 mph (173.6 km/h) (unofficially)[1], relying purely on speed to prevent the ball from being hit. Others throw more slowly but put movement on the ball or throw it on the outside of the plate where the batter cannot easily reach it. The appearance of a faster pitch to the batter can sometimes be achieved by minimizing the batter's vision of the ball before its release. The result is known as an "exploding fastball": a pitch that seems to arrive at the plate quickly despite its low velocity. Fastballs are usually thrown with backspin, so that the Magnus effect creates an upward force on the ball, causing it to fall less rapidly than might be expected. A pitch on which this effect is most marked is often called a "rising fastball", as the ball appears to rise to the batter. Colloquially, use of the fastball is called throwing heat or putting steam on it, among many other variants. Gripping the ball with the fingers across the wide part of the seam ("four-seam fastball") so that both the index finger and middle finger are touching two seams perpendicularly produces a straight pitch, gripping it across the narrow part ("two-seam fastball") so that both the index finger and middle finger are along a seam produces a sinking fastball, holding a four-seam fastball off-center ("cut fastball") imparts lateral movement to the fastball, and splitting the fingers along the seams ("split-finger fastball") produces a sinking action with a lateral break. * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastball
It varies from batter to batter. A lot say it is the fastball high and in. I would add that yes it will vary depending on the batter's swinging tendencies. The best pitch will be one that should be a strike. Thus if the batter thinks the ball is not in his 'zone' and lets it go he's stuck 'looking' . The best strikes of course are ones that catch only a piece of the plate.
While pitching your stride doesn't actually make the ball faster. What makes the ball look faster to a batter is how close you are. If you throw an 85mph fastball from 60 feet a batter will know but if you throw the same speed from 50 feet away the batter might think its coming 90-93 mph.