Basic Rules for regular organized football
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Well, the most obvious difference is the method through which a player is considered down. Tackle football allows for tackling, flag football requires the removal of a strip of cloth hanging from the belt, and touch requires one or two hands placed below the belt (or sometimes anywhere on the body). Any of these may require a fallen player to be down by contact, though this is rare.
There are usually drastic rule differences, as well. Flag football and touch football may allow any number of players per side (rarely more than 11), and they often allow any offensive player to catch a pass. Tackle football usually has 11 players per side and interior offensive linemen are not eligible to receive the ball. There are often other rule differences, such as what constitutes a first down, what constitutes a legal offensive formation, motion before the snap, etc.