NO, there is no actual "written rule" in the book regarding this behaviour. However 99% of all refs. will either give a warning or call a tech. foul if the defender purposefully yells out anything during a shot attempt; it comes down to etiquette and sportsmanship. Many refs. consider this "trash talk" and will hand out a tech. for this reason; besides it's just looks bad doing it.
Then there would just be a personal foul and the team that got fouled would keep possession.
so that the official may know who commited a foul
a foul
If you are slapped or held in the act of jumping or shooting, you will take 2-3 foul shots. 3 if you are fouled outside the 3 point arch.
yes, unless the shooter has landed on the floor
There really is no rule on this. The only time you can really touch a player is when they are backing you down in the post (in which you can put one hand or arm on them) or when they have their pivot foot on the ground. Other than that, most touching of other players is considered a foul.
to support an injury to the elbow or bicep or to keep sweat off their shooting hand
if they dont touch them its neither, but if they touch its a personal The above answer is incorrect. It is a technical foul at all levels through college to face guard an opponent (except in the NBA which allows eye guarding).
Yes, hitting the hand is considered a foul in basketball.
According to the page found on the NBA website at http://www.nba.com/features/misunderstoodrules_051128.html "Incidental Contact: The mere fact that contact occurs does not mean a foul has been committed. Players are allowed to contact other players when reaching for a loose ball, or when performing normal offensive and defensive movements. The hand is considered " part of the ball" when it is in contact with the ball and contact with a players hand when it is in contact with the ball is not a foul." So, as far as the NBA is concerned, the hand is part of the ball when the ball is in the other player's hand. If the ball is not in the shooter's hand, a foul could be called. Most of the questions concerning this rule occur when the offensive player is driving the basket and attempting a slam dunk. On a jump shot, once the ball leaves the shooter's hand, the hand is no longer part of the ball and a foul could be called.
Yes, hitting someone's hand in basketball is considered a foul.
Some players wear the shooting sleeve on their non shooting arm to keep their arms from getting scratched up when driving lane etc. as the player(s) guarding them tend to take swipes at them and the ball.