After three outs half of the inning is over and the teams switch sides. Well, that's true most of the time. However, if the catcher drops the ball on the third strike of the last out in an inning, the batter may attempt to steal first, and must be thrown or tagged out by the catcher (or the catcher can touch home base for the force-out in a bases loaded situation). So it is possible for a "side" to have four or more outs before the side is retired. This happens with a fair bit of regularity. It could be more than four if the final strike for the fourth out is also dropped by the catcher, and the runner safely gets to first. I don't know if this particular situation has ever come to pass in a MLB game.
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