If you refer to full substitutions then 5 maximum.
If you talk about temporary "blood replacements" - unlimited
Where a key position (front row player) is strategically substituted and that substitute thereafter becomes injured, the original play can be brought back on - This is for safety reasons. If there is no specialist front row player to do this then another player may be used in the front row but scrums become uncontested.
Where a key position (front row player) is "yellow carded" (sin binned) a substitute player may be brought on to take the position for the purpose of scrummaging. However, another play has to leave the field of play so that the headcount remains one short. Again this is done for safety reasons as props and hookers are specially trained in the positions they play.
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