When the batter is standing on the plate.
Yes.
A home plate collision is usually the case of a base runner that was on one of the bases trying to reach home plate in order to score while the other team's Catcher is trying to block home plate in order to prevent the base runner from touching home plate in an effort to prevent a run from scoring and the runner and the base runner usually slides into the Catcher that is blocking home plate which is what one example of a home plate collision is.
No, because a time out was granted to the defense allowing the catcher to go up to the pitcher.
No, because the catcher asks the umpire for time out and is granted time out before he visits the pitcher. No runner may advance while time is out.
no
Yes. In Rule 7.06 of the MLB Rulebook it states: " The catcher, without the ball in his possession, has no right to block the pathway of the runner attempting to score. The base line belongs to the runner and the catcher should be there only when he is fielding a ball or when he already has the ball in his hand."
Sure. The runner on 3rd base can tag up and score. The runner on 2nd may not even be able to advance to 3rd base, especially if the fly ball is to left field. To further clarify..a base runner may not pass another base runner who is ahead of him..so, if your question means can a runner on 2nd or 1st, tag up and score if the runner on third doesn't, the simple answer is no...however, in a rare case they could. Let's assume that the runner on third tags up, but is thrown out at home and it is not the 3rd out of the inning, then the catcher either throws the ball away, or otherwise loses the ball, the other runner or runners may then advance and score. The batter, though, is not credited with a Sacrifice Fly, nor an RBI.
It is an error, charged to the catcher as a passed ball, however, it does not show up in the stats as an error.
If the batter who reached by via catcher's interference scores, his run would be unearned, however, it cannot be determined if any runner on base scored due to catcher's interference is earned or unearned until the inning is played out and recreated without the interference or any error that may have occurred.
4 Runs score. The Batter, The runner on 1st, The Runner on 2nd and the runner on 3rd.
I would say the runner is called out (would be Out #2) and the runner on third could advance to score. However, if there were two outs, the runner would be called out (Out #3) and therefore, the runner on 3rd would not be able to score (unless of course he crossed home plate before the runner got hit by the ground ball, then it would count)