YES ... throwing a ball to an unoccupied base is a balk ...
Yes.
Yes. But he has to be careful not to balk.
Absolutely NOT. The pitcher does NOT have to disengage the rubber to attempt a throw to a base. There's a huge debate over this, but anyone who tells you that a pitcher has to step off before throwing to a base hasn't read their rulebook very carefully.
it's 63.72 ft
Wait for the pitcher to throw the ball home then run for the next base.
I believe he throws it back to the Pitcher.
There is only one call for a balk. When a pitcher is in the stretch and a runner or runners are on base, the pitcher must pause before throwing to homeplate. There can also be a balk called on the pitcher if he makes a move to throw out someone at first base, but doesn't actually throw the ball. (No fake throws to first allowed!) The last reason for a balk to be called is if a pitcher begins to move his front leg towards homeplate, but does not throw the ball to home. (Or simply pitch to the batter). A balk results in baserunners advancing one base.
The word is balk. In baseball, the offensive players do not need to stand on the base. They can stand off the base. When the pitcher has the ball, he is allowed to throw it to a teammate and the teammate can touch the opponent not on base with the ball. The opponent will be out and will leave the playing field. The pitcher can face the batter and then turn around and throw the ball to a teammate. The purpose of the pitcher is to throw the ball across home plate so the batter can hit it or not hit it. At some point the pitcher has to pitch the ball to the batter. The pitcher has to make some sort of a motion and then pitch the ball. If he makes the wrong kind of motion it is called a balk. It counts as a ball on the batter and a player on base gets to go to the next base. A lot of people in the audience can not tell when the pitcher has committed a balk.
who was first MLP pitcher to throw 90mph
If he's already started his motion to home, he cannot stop and throw to second base. That would be a balk. But if he hasn't started his motion to home, he can throw to second base, but he has to disengage from the pitching rubber first.
The official scorer would have to determine if the throw was catchable. If the throw was, then the error would be on the first baseman and he would be charged as such. If on the other hand the throw was a bad one and the first baseman had to reach and could not catch the ball, then the error is on the pitcher. Only one error would be charged even though the base runner advanced two base and scored.