Under the Laws of the Game, the goalkeepers are required to wear jersey colors that distinguish them from their team, the opposing team, the opposing goalkeeper, and the referee. The match cannot start if this rule is violated. Most often, the home team's 'keeper will be required to change.
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Goalkeepers wear different coloured shirts to differentiate their position and the fact they are allowed to handle the ball within the penalty area. This must not be a similar colour as any of the outfield players including the opposition nor their goalkeepers shirt as on occasions they do go into the oppositions penalty area when a last minute equaliser is needed.
They are not supposed to. For practical reasons this is not often enforced. More importantly, the goal keeper must have a different color than either their team-mates and the opposition.
No. Their jersey must specifically not be similar to either their own team's strip nor that of their opponent. However, outside this restriction, they are free in options.