When the umpire or TV announcer calls the ball and strike count, the balls come first. If you hear the announcer say something like "The count on the batter is 2 and 1" this means there are 2 balls and 1 strike.
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This is the 'count.' It is represented visually as 'number of balls-number of strikes,' B-S. It is spoken as balls, strikes. So, if there are two balls and one strike the count is written '2-1' and spoken 'two, one.' A batter is considered 'ahead in the count' if the number of balls is greater than the number of strikes as in the above example and 'behind in the count' if the number of strikes is greater. For the pitcher, this is reversed. A count is considered 'full' when the maximum number of balls and strikes have been thrown without resulting in a walk or a strikeout: 3-2.
In an at bat a batter as to get 4 balls before they walk. A walk meaning they get to be on first base. In a at bat where there are no foul balls they batter gets three strikes before they are out. If there are foul balls they count as pitches, but a batter can not strike out on a foul ball that is not caught.
It's nothing special, except for an "even count." It's called "even" when the balls and strikes are the same number.
You may be asking what it's called when there are 3 balls and 2 strikes, which would then be called a "full count." The very next pitch has different nicknames, such as the "payoff pitch" or the "money pitch" because, unless it's a foul ball, the next pitch is going to benefit one of the teams in some way.
If the count were 2-1 that would mean 2 balls and 1 strike. It is NEVER reversed.
Yes the first two foul balls are strikes unless there aree two strikes. A batter can not strike out on foul balls.
A batter may get up to 3 strikes and 4 balls. After the third strike the batter goes back to his bench. After 4 balls he advances to 1st base.