The short and easy answer to this question is really that a skater's feet do NOT stick to the skateboard. Shoes (or bare feet on that rare occasion) can be lifted upwards off the deck at anytime. However, most decks are topped with grip tape, a sandpaper-like surface that prevents slippery-ness when it comes to side-to-side or toe-to-heel movement. This "grip" is what allows certain tricks to be performed, through the friction and a fairly precise series of movements.
For instance, when doing an ollie, the tail is pressed downward with the back foot. This brings the nose of the board into the air. The front foot then essentially kicks the nose of the board forward, using the friction of the griptape and the shoe to push the nose forward and back down, which subsequently brings the tail up into the air.
This is a motion that is much better seen that explained with words, so for more detail on the ollie and other tricks, please search YouTube for more detail.
I hope this answers your question!
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It's the grip in the shoe like there are Many kinds like vans have like waffle grip it's all in the shoes grip