If you apply more force to a hockey puck, it will accelerate and move faster in the direction of that force. The puck's speed and distance traveled will increase, depending on the amount of force applied.
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No, the mechanical advantage of a hockey stick is never greater than 1. The mechanical advantage is the ratio of output force to input force, so a value greater than 1 would imply that the stick is creating more force than is being put into it, which violates the laws of physics.
If you apply more force in the direction the ball is already traveling, it will accelerate and its speed will increase. The additional force will cause the ball to roll faster along the ramp.
The length of a wrench amplifies the torque you can generate with the same amount of force. A longer wrench provides more leverage, making it easier to apply force and generate more torque to loosen or tighten a fastener. Conversely, a shorter wrench requires more force to achieve the same torque.
The force of the collision, the players' masses, their center of gravity, and the distribution of the force during impact determine who will get knocked backward when a big hockey player checks a smaller hockey player. The player with lower mass and less stability is more likely to be knocked backward due to the imbalance in force distribution.
To give a large boulder a larger acceleration, you would need to apply a greater force to overcome the boulder's inertia. Increasing the force applied to the boulder by pushing, pulling, or using a mechanical device capable of exerting more force would result in a larger acceleration.