The specifications for a indoor track can get very detailed. Generally, the size of an indoor track consist of a 6 (0.9 - 1.2m) lanes 200 meter oval with a radius of about 17.2m (IAAF) and 6 to 8 lane straightaway for short sprint and hurdle races. With jumping, vaulting and throwing areas sometimes within the oval. Generally, there are 2 long/triple jump runaways (pit facing opposite direction), 2 pole vault runways (pit facing opposite direction) and 1 caged throwing circle (facing away from oval for shot put and weight throw).
For road bikes, you need roads, for mountain bikes, you need and off-road path, for BMX, you need a course and jumps, for indoor tracks, you need, well, and indoor track, and for time trials, you need a motorcourse.
It is estimated that outdoor track is faster then indoor, however there is no set equation for this theory.
Depending on the type of material that is used for the indoor track, it is possible to bounce a basketball on the floor.
200m
Either on a track outside or in a gym/indoor track.
Basketball, Indoor soccer, wrestling, indoor track and field
Yes some of them do. My YMCA track has an indoor track that is upstairs. It is not a full size track though.
No
Velodrome
Depends on the track; Indoor- 200m Outdoor- (older) 440m, (newer) 400m
Most indoor running tracks are 200M, some are also odd distances like 140 or 150M, but you will sometimes stumble upon indoor 400M tracks (They are pretty rare).
An 800 is two laps in an outside track and 4 laps in a indoor track