In lamens terms, flexibility is key and it is much easier to train flexibility while the body is supple.
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It is because younger gymnasts have more hip flexibility because there hips are not fully developed yet. The limits exist because intense training(such as that needed to prepare for the Olympics) can damage the underdeveloped body's of growing athletes. Also keeps mental strain off the gymnast at a very young age.
its like when you get a new dog you train it young so when its older its expierenced and can perfect things. starting at a young age allows gymnasts to practice alot more and to become alot more advanced at a younger age. hope this helped!