The distance is 110m rather than 100m because they wanted men to be able to run it whilst fitting 3 steps in-between the hurdles without changing the number of hurdles in the race from 10. 10 hurdles in the race is consistent with all the hurdle events, so they increased the distance to make the men's race more fluid, as mens' strides are typically longer than womens'.
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No. One reason might be that the "meter" didn't exist; distances were measured in "stadia".
Most of the ancient Olympic games were martial or "warlike" in nature; the javelin, the discus, the shot-put, the hammer-toss, the run.