Answer:
In the past field size was based on the size of the tracks. At one time there was over 50 drivers running at tracks like Daytona and as little as 28 running at tracks like Hickory. However, when the modern era came about and the Money got better with Winston as the series sponsor NASCAR and the drivers settled on 42 drivers for the field, as most tracks would accomodiate that many pit stalls. Again, keep in mind NASCAR used to have up to 60 cars trying to make the field and if you could get in then you could make money.
In 1989, the King Richard Petty, failed to qualify for a Race, So 3 time Champion Darrell Waltrip, who has been know to shoot his mouth off, told a national audience that it was a shame someone with the Kings status should miss a race. So Darrell proposed a "Past Champions" provisional that would allow any previous champion to be placed in the 43rd starting spot. Well in 1998, I believe, NASCAR decided to make the 43rd spot perminate. So if a past champions provisional was not used then the 43rd spot would be fielded by the next highest qualifier.
Answer
One car for each state in the union when Nascar was formed.
NASCAR was formed n 1948 when there were 48 states.
One car for each state -- Washington is the 42nd state since 1889.
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