There are several attributes of a Golf ball that make it fly farther than a tennis ball.
A golf ball is smaller than a tennis ball, so it has less surface area, which means it experiences less drag (air resistance) as it hurtles through the air. Furthermore, the tennis ball's surface is fuzzy, which increases its air resistance, whereas a golf ball's jacket is hard and dimpled, which improves its aerodynamic properties, increasing its distance when struck. Many different dimple patterns and designs have been experimented with to increase a golf ball's "length." A golf ball is more rigid and elastic than a tennis ball. It resists deformation much more than a tennis ball does, and when deformed, it returns to its original shape more quickly. This means that more kinetic energy -- of the club in the case of the golf ball and the racket for a tennis ball -- is transferred to the ball to propel it and is not wasted on deforming it. Incidentally, experiments have proved that the golf ball is the fastest moving object in all of sports (not counting the shooting sports, of course). ADDITION: The ball in JAI ALIA is the fastest ball in sports.
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Because unless the Earth is really wet, there is no cushion to slow the ball enough to stop the momentum caused by gravity. Sort of like the difference between why your head doesn't bounce on a pillow but it does on tile floor. The lower the ball goes into on the ground, the farther it will roll. And the harder the ground is, the farther it will roll.
The combination of, the design of the golf ball, it's weight, the speed at which it was hit and the dimples which make it aerodynamic.
Once the ball starts to lose its momentum in the air it will start to fall but keep going farther and then hit the ground and probably go a little farther then too.