Yellow Leaders Jersey: Maillot Jaune
Green Points Jersey: Maillot Vert
Polkadot Mountain Jersey: Maillot à pois rouges /Haute Grimpeur
White Young Riders Jersey: Maillot Blanc
Also Awarded is the 'prix de la combativité', for the most aggressive rider.
and the 'lantern rouge' for the last place rider - not a jersey but a red coloured number
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the yellow jersey indicates the leader of tour. It is yellow because the organizing newspaper was printed on yellow paper (back in 1903).
the white jersey with red dots: leader of the mountain classification
the green jersey: stage points (sprinters)
the white jersey is awarded to the best young rider.
They indicate who's the overall leader, who's the best junior rider, who's been fastest on the climbs and who's been the fastest in the sprints.
There are four jerseys;
green, for the best sprinter /person with the most sprint points
yellow, for the person with the least overall time
polka-dot, for the person with the most king of the mountains points
and
white, for the person with the least overall time who is under the age of 25
Green Jersey is similar to the Polka Dot in that there are "checkpoints" where riders score points to qualify. The person with the most points is awarded the jersey. This jersey is usually awarded to the sprinters, but not always.
Green Jersey -points jersey (sprinters and most consistant riders over the line in top places at every stage-usually the non-mountainous ones)
Polkadot jersey-KOM or King of the mountains, the rider who has accumulated most points over the course of the race when the route takes them over mountains or certain hills.
Lantern Rouge-(red jersey, no longer official) the rider with the slowest time overall that is still in the race
FYI: though not in the 'jersey system'
'Flag' jerseys- that rider is the national champion of the country who's flag his jersey is
made out of in that discipline (e.g. roadrace or time trial champion)