A golfer can use any club from a bunker really. But in green side bunkers there are two clubs that are mainly used are a sandwedge and lob wedge. It really comes down to personal preference, length of shot, lie and height of bunker lip to which club is selected.
Sandwedges are 54- 56 degree and lob wedges are 58-60 degree, the loft helps get the ball up in the air quickly. Wedges also have bounce, this prevents them from digging and also helps get the ball up quickly.
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It depends how far you need to go. You can hit anything from a sand wedge to a 3 wood from a bunker. When hitting a fairway bunker shot, you need to make sure you have enough lift to clear the lip, but you should also choke down on the grip slightly. A fairway bunker shot differs from a green side bunker shot in that, in a green side shot you want to hit a couple of inches behind the ball, in a fairway bunker, you want to catch it ball first, otherwise you will just duff the ball about 30 yards.