The basic skills are running and jumping. You start running and after usually 8-12 steps (while curving toward the bar after about 2-4) at a light sprint you do a Fosbury flop which is where you jump up in the air and arch your back over the bar with your frontside facing up. You must make sure, that on your jump, you go off one foot, usually your strong leg's foot, which should be on the inside of the curve of your approach.. You then land on the mat with your upper back hitting first.
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The most basic skill in the long jump is being able to leap over a great distance. This requires explosive muscle tissue and proper form.
the approach run
take off
the last two strides
action in the air
handing speed in th run -up
Ummmm probably the skill to jump quite far. And the skill to have the patience to train alot.